From f091bf0922c26238d16bf175a8ea916a16d11fba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Prefetch Date: Sat, 6 Nov 2021 21:47:08 +0100 Subject: Expand knowledge base --- content/know/concept/random-variable/index.pdc | 22 +++++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) (limited to 'content/know/concept/random-variable/index.pdc') diff --git a/content/know/concept/random-variable/index.pdc b/content/know/concept/random-variable/index.pdc index fe50b60..2a8643e 100644 --- a/content/know/concept/random-variable/index.pdc +++ b/content/know/concept/random-variable/index.pdc @@ -119,27 +119,27 @@ $$\begin{aligned} ## Expectation value -The **expectation value** $\mathbf{E}(X)$ of a random variable $X$ +The **expectation value** $\mathbf{E}[X]$ of a random variable $X$ can be defined in the familiar way, as the sum/integral of every possible value of $X$ mutliplied by the corresponding probability (density). For continuous and discrete sample spaces $\Omega$, respectively: $$\begin{aligned} - \mathbf{E}(X) + \mathbf{E}[X] = \int_{-\infty}^\infty x \: f_X(x) \dd{x} \qquad \mathrm{or} \qquad - \mathbf{E}(X) + \mathbf{E}[X] = \sum_{i = 1}^N x_i \: P(X \!=\! x_i) \end{aligned}$$ However, $f_X(x)$ is not guaranteed to exist, and the distinction between continuous and discrete is cumbersome. -A more general definition of $\mathbf{E}(X)$ +A more general definition of $\mathbf{E}[X]$ is the following Lebesgue-Stieltjes integral, since $F_X(x)$ always exists: $$\begin{aligned} - \mathbf{E}(X) + \mathbf{E}[X] = \int_{-\infty}^\infty x \dd{F_X(x)} \end{aligned}$$ @@ -147,25 +147,25 @@ This is valid for any sample space $\Omega$. Or, equivalently, a Lebesgue integral can be used: $$\begin{aligned} - \mathbf{E}(X) + \mathbf{E}[X] = \int_\Omega X(\omega) \dd{P(\omega)} \end{aligned}$$ An expectation value defined in this way has many useful properties, most notably linearity. -We can also define the familiar **variance** $\mathbf{V}(X)$ +We can also define the familiar **variance** $\mathbf{V}[X]$ of a random variable $X$ as follows: $$\begin{aligned} - \mathbf{V}(X) - = \mathbf{E}\big( (X - \mathbf{E}(X))^2 \big) - = \mathbf{E}(X^2) - \big(\mathbf{E}(X)\big)^2 + \mathbf{V}[X] + = \mathbf{E}\big[ (X - \mathbf{E}[X])^2 \big] + = \mathbf{E}[X^2] - \big(\mathbf{E}[X]\big)^2 \end{aligned}$$ ## References -1. U.F. Thygesen, +1. U.H. Thygesen, *Lecture notes on diffusions and stochastic differential equations*, 2021, Polyteknisk Kompendie. -- cgit v1.2.3