From 16555851b6514a736c5c9d8e73de7da7fc9b6288 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Prefetch Date: Thu, 20 Oct 2022 18:25:31 +0200 Subject: Migrate from 'jekyll-katex' to 'kramdown-math-sskatex' --- .../concept/cylindrical-polar-coordinates/index.md | 26 +++++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) (limited to 'source/know/concept/cylindrical-polar-coordinates') diff --git a/source/know/concept/cylindrical-polar-coordinates/index.md b/source/know/concept/cylindrical-polar-coordinates/index.md index 8673c0b..686a4ed 100644 --- a/source/know/concept/cylindrical-polar-coordinates/index.md +++ b/source/know/concept/cylindrical-polar-coordinates/index.md @@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ layout: "concept" **Cylindrical polar coordinates** are an extension of polar coordinates to 3D, which describes the location of a point in space -using the coordinates $(r, \varphi, z)$. -The $z$-axis is unchanged from Cartesian coordinates, +using the coordinates $$(r, \varphi, z)$$. +The $$z$$-axis is unchanged from Cartesian coordinates, hence it is called a *cylindrical* system. -Cartesian coordinates $(x, y, z)$ -and the cylindrical system $(r, \varphi, z)$ are related by: +Cartesian coordinates $$(x, y, z)$$ +and the cylindrical system $$(r, \varphi, z)$$ are related by: $$\begin{aligned} \boxed{ @@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ $$\begin{aligned} } \end{aligned}$$ -Conversely, a point given in $(x, y, z)$ -can be converted to $(r, \varphi, z)$ +Conversely, a point given in $$(x, y, z)$$ +can be converted to $$(r, \varphi, z)$$ using these formulae: $$\begin{aligned} @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ $$\begin{aligned} The cylindrical polar coordinates form an orthogonal [curvilinear system](/know/concept/curvilinear-coordinates/), -whose scale factors $h_r$, $h_\varphi$ and $h_z$ we want to find. +whose scale factors $$h_r$$, $$h_\varphi$$ and $$h_z$$ we want to find. To do so, we calculate the differentials of the Cartesian coordinates: $$\begin{aligned} @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ $$\begin{aligned} \dd{z} = \dd{z} \end{aligned}$$ -And then we calculate the line element $\dd{\ell}^2$, +And then we calculate the line element $$\dd{\ell}^2$$, skipping many terms thanks to orthogonality, $$\begin{aligned} @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ $$\begin{aligned} Finally, we can simply read off the squares of the desired scale factors -$h_r^2$, $h_\varphi^2$ and $h_z^2$: +$$h_r^2$$, $$h_\varphi^2$$ and $$h_z^2$$: $$\begin{aligned} \boxed{ @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ $$\begin{aligned} } \end{aligned}$$ -The differential element of volume $\dd{V}$ +The differential element of volume $$\dd{V}$$ takes the following form: $$\begin{aligned} @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ $$\begin{aligned} = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \int_0^{2\pi} \int_0^\infty f(r, \varphi, z) \: r \dd{r} \dd{\varphi} \dd{z} \end{aligned}$$ -The isosurface elements are as follows, where $S_r$ is a surface at constant $r$, etc.: +The isosurface elements are as follows, where $$S_r$$ is a surface at constant $$r$$, etc.: $$\begin{aligned} \boxed{ @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ $$\begin{aligned} } \end{aligned}$$ -Similarly, the normal vector element $\dd{\vu{S}}$ for an arbitrary surface is given by: +Similarly, the normal vector element $$\dd{\vu{S}}$$ for an arbitrary surface is given by: $$\begin{aligned} \boxed{ @@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ $$\begin{aligned} } \end{aligned}$$ -And finally, the tangent vector element $\dd{\vu{\ell}}$ of a given curve is as follows: +And finally, the tangent vector element $$\dd{\vu{\ell}}$$ of a given curve is as follows: $$\begin{aligned} \boxed{ -- cgit v1.2.3