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Diffstat (limited to 'content/know/concept/electric-field/index.pdc')
-rw-r--r-- | content/know/concept/electric-field/index.pdc | 19 |
1 files changed, 11 insertions, 8 deletions
diff --git a/content/know/concept/electric-field/index.pdc b/content/know/concept/electric-field/index.pdc index 6162e0b..62ce1f5 100644 --- a/content/know/concept/electric-field/index.pdc +++ b/content/know/concept/electric-field/index.pdc @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ since opposite charges attracts and like charges repel. If two opposite point charges with magnitude $q$ are observed from far away, they can be treated as a single object called a **dipole**, -which has an **electric dipole moment** $\vb{p}$ defined as follows, +which has an **electric dipole moment** $\vb{p}$ defined like so, where $\vb{d}$ is the vector going from the negative to the positive charge (opposite direction of $\vb{E}$): @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ and that $\vb{M}$ has the opposite sign of $\vb{P}$. The polarization $\vb{P}$ is a function of $\vb{E}$. In addition to the inherent polarity of the material $\vb{P}_0$ (zero in most cases), -there is a possibly nonlinear response +there is a (possibly nonlinear) response to the applied $\vb{E}$-field: $$\begin{aligned} @@ -101,10 +101,7 @@ $$\begin{aligned} Where the $\chi_e^{(n)}$ are the **electric susceptibilities** of the medium. For simplicity, we often assume that only the $n\!=\!1$ term is nonzero, which is the linear response to $\vb{E}$. -In that case, we define -the **relative permittivity** $\varepsilon_r \equiv 1 + \chi_e^{(1)}$ -and the **absolute permittivity** $\varepsilon \equiv \varepsilon_r \varepsilon_0$, -so that: +In that case, we define the **absolute permittivity** $\varepsilon$ so that: $$\begin{aligned} \vb{D} @@ -114,14 +111,20 @@ $$\begin{aligned} = \varepsilon \vb{E} \end{aligned}$$ +I.e. $\varepsilon \equiv \varepsilon_r \varepsilon_0$, +where $\varepsilon_r \equiv 1 + \chi_e^{(1)}$ is +the [**dielectric function**](/know/concept/dielectric-function/) +or **relative permittivity**, +whose calculation is of great interest in physics. + In reality, a material cannot respond instantly to $\vb{E}$, meaning that $\chi_e^{(1)}$ is a function of time, and that $\vb{P}$ is the convolution of $\chi_e^{(1)}(t)$ and $\vb{E}(t)$: $$\begin{aligned} \vb{P}(t) - = (\chi_e^{(1)} * \vb{E})(t) - = \int_{-\infty}^\infty \chi_e^{(1)}(t - \tau) \: \vb{E}(\tau) \:d\tau + = \varepsilon_0 \big(\chi_e^{(1)} * \vb{E}\big)(t) + = \varepsilon_0 \int_{-\infty}^\infty \chi_e^{(1)}(t - \tau) \: \vb{E}(\tau) \:d\tau \end{aligned}$$ Note that this definition requires $\chi_e^{(1)}(t) = 0$ for $t < 0$ |