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Diffstat (limited to 'source/know/concept/fermis-golden-rule')
-rw-r--r-- | source/know/concept/fermis-golden-rule/index.md | 44 |
1 files changed, 22 insertions, 22 deletions
diff --git a/source/know/concept/fermis-golden-rule/index.md b/source/know/concept/fermis-golden-rule/index.md index 18fcfd8..021c8e4 100644 --- a/source/know/concept/fermis-golden-rule/index.md +++ b/source/know/concept/fermis-golden-rule/index.md @@ -13,29 +13,29 @@ layout: "concept" In quantum mechanics, **Fermi's golden rule** expresses the transition rate between two states of a system, when a sinusoidal perturbation is applied -at the resonance frequency $\omega = E_g / \hbar$ of the -energy gap $E_g$. The main conclusion is that the rate is independent of +at the resonance frequency $$\omega = E_g / \hbar$$ of the +energy gap $$E_g$$. The main conclusion is that the rate is independent of time. From [time-dependent perturbation theory](/know/concept/time-dependent-perturbation-theory/), we know that the transition probability -for a particle in state $\Ket{a}$ to go to $\Ket{b}$ -is as follows for a periodic perturbation at frequency $\omega$: +for a particle in state $$\Ket{a}$$ to go to $$\Ket{b}$$ +is as follows for a periodic perturbation at frequency $$\omega$$: $$\begin{aligned} P_{ab} = \frac{|V_{ba}|^2}{\hbar^2} \frac{\sin^2\!\big((\omega_{ba} - \omega) t / 2\big)}{(\omega_{ba} - \omega)^2} \end{aligned}$$ -Where $\omega_{ba} \equiv (E_b - E_a) / \hbar$. -If we assume that $\Ket{b}$ irreversibly absorbs an unlimited number of particles, -then we can interpret $P_{ab}$ as the "amount" of the current particle -that has transitioned since the last period $2 \pi n / (\omega_{ba} \!-\! \omega)$. +Where $$\omega_{ba} \equiv (E_b - E_a) / \hbar$$. +If we assume that $$\Ket{b}$$ irreversibly absorbs an unlimited number of particles, +then we can interpret $$P_{ab}$$ as the "amount" of the current particle +that has transitioned since the last period $$2 \pi n / (\omega_{ba} \!-\! \omega)$$. -For generality, let $E_b$ be the center -of a state continuum with width $\Delta E$. -In that case, $P_{ab}$ must be modified as follows, -where $\rho(E_x)$ is the destination's +For generality, let $$E_b$$ be the center +of a state continuum with width $$\Delta E$$. +In that case, $$P_{ab}$$ must be modified as follows, +where $$\rho(E_x)$$ is the destination's [density of states](/know/concept/density-of-states/): $$\begin{aligned} @@ -44,26 +44,26 @@ $$\begin{aligned} \frac{\sin^2\!\big((\omega_{xa} - \omega) t / 2\big)}{(\omega_{xa} - \omega)^2} \:\rho(E_x) \dd{E_x} \end{aligned}$$ -If $E_b$ is not in a continuum, then $\rho(E_x) = \delta(E_x - E_b)$. -The integrand is a sharp sinc-function around $E_x$. -For large $t$, it is so sharp that we can take out $\rho(E_x)$. +If $$E_b$$ is not in a continuum, then $$\rho(E_x) = \delta(E_x - E_b)$$. +The integrand is a sharp sinc-function around $$E_x$$. +For large $$t$$, it is so sharp that we can take out $$\rho(E_x)$$. In that case, we also simplify the integration limits. -Then we substitute $x \equiv (\omega_{xa}\!-\!\omega) / 2$ to get: +Then we substitute $$x \equiv (\omega_{xa}\!-\!\omega) / 2$$ to get: $$\begin{aligned} P_{ab} &\approx \frac{2}{\hbar} |V_{ba}|^2 \rho(E_b) \int_{-\infty}^\infty \frac{\sin^2(x t)}{x^2} \:dx \end{aligned}$$ -This definite integral turns out to be $\pi |t|$, -so we find, because clearly $t > 0$: +This definite integral turns out to be $$\pi |t|$$, +so we find, because clearly $$t > 0$$: $$\begin{aligned} P_{ab} &= \frac{2 \pi}{\hbar} |V_{ba}|^2 \rho(E_b) \: t \end{aligned}$$ -The transition rate $R_{ab}$, +The transition rate $$R_{ab}$$, i.e. the number of particles per unit time, then takes this form: @@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ $$\begin{aligned} } \end{aligned}$$ -Note that the $t$-dependence has disappeared, -and all that remains is a constant factor involving $E_b = E_a \!+\! \hbar \omega$, -where $\omega$ is the resonance frequency. +Note that the $$t$$-dependence has disappeared, +and all that remains is a constant factor involving $$E_b = E_a \!+\! \hbar \omega$$, +where $$\omega$$ is the resonance frequency. |