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| author | Prefetch | 2026-09-05 21:55:33 +0200 |
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| committer | Prefetch | 2026-09-05 21:55:33 +0200 |
| commit | 5cacf4ffaf3a9621ab536195f6469f98a420f054 (patch) | |
| tree | 317b734468a287c50d2403fdfafa45434f538150 /source/know/concept/dyson-equation/index.md | |
| parent | 29b49508a751649310173e592b63415dbf563a2a (diff) | |
Diffstat (limited to 'source/know/concept/dyson-equation/index.md')
| -rw-r--r-- | source/know/concept/dyson-equation/index.md | 38 |
1 files changed, 19 insertions, 19 deletions
diff --git a/source/know/concept/dyson-equation/index.md b/source/know/concept/dyson-equation/index.md index ae9eb35..03be06f 100644 --- a/source/know/concept/dyson-equation/index.md +++ b/source/know/concept/dyson-equation/index.md @@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ $$\begin{aligned} = \delta(\vb{r} - \vb{r}') \: \delta(t - t') \end{aligned}$$ -From this, we define the inverse $$\hat{G}{}_0^{-1}(\vb{r}, t)$$ -as follows, so that $$\hat{G}{}_0^{-1} G_0 = \delta(\vb{r} \!-\! \vb{r}') \: \delta(t \!-\! t')$$: +From this, we define the inverse $$\hat{G}{}_0^{-1}(\vb{r}, t)$$ as follows, +so that $$\hat{G}{}_0^{-1} G_0 = \delta(\vb{r} \!-\! \vb{r}') \: \delta(t \!-\! t')$$: $$\begin{aligned} \hat{G}{}_0^{-1}(\vb{r}, t) @@ -35,16 +35,15 @@ $$\begin{aligned} Note that $$\hat{G}{}_0^{-1}$$ is an operator, while $$G_0$$ is a function. For the sake of consistency, we thus define -the operator $$\hat{G}_0(\vb{r}, t)$$ -as a multiplication by $$G_0$$ -and integration over $$\vb{r}'$$ and $$t'$$: +its operator version $$\hat{G}_0(\vb{r}, t)$$ +as a multiplication by $$G_0$$ and integration over $$\vb{r}'$$ and $$t'$$: $$\begin{aligned} \hat{G}_0(\vb{r}, t) \: f - \equiv \iint_{-\infty}^\infty G_0(\vb{r}, t; \vb{r}', t') \: f(\vb{r}', t') \: \dd{\vb{r}}' \dd{t'} + \equiv \iint_{-\infty}^\infty G_0(\vb{r}, t; \vb{r}', t') \: f(\vb{r}', t') \dd{\vb{r}}' \dd{t'} \end{aligned}$$ -For an arbitrary function $$f(\vb{r}, t)$$, +Where $$f(\vb{r}, t)$$ is an arbitrary function, so that $$\hat{G}{}_0^{-1} \hat{G}_0 = \hat{G}_0 \hat{G}{}_0^{-1} = 1$$. Moving on, the Schrödinger equation can be rewritten like so, using $$\hat{G}{}_0^{-1}$$: @@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ by solving the defining equation above. Suppose we now add a more complicated and possibly time-dependent term $$\hat{H}_1(\vb{r}, t)$$, in which case the corresponding fundamental solution -$$G(\vb{r}, \vb{r}', t, t')$$ satisfies: +$$G(\vb{r}, \vb{r}', t, t')$$ (note the lack of a $$0$$ subscript) satisfies: $$\begin{aligned} \delta(\vb{r} - \vb{r}') \: \delta(t - t') @@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ $$\begin{aligned} This equation is typically too complicated to solve, so we would like an easier way to calculate this new $$G$$. -The perturbed wavefunction $$\Psi(\vb{r}, t)$$ +Clearly, the perturbed wavefunction $$\Psi(\vb{r}, t)$$ satisfies the Schrödinger equation: $$\begin{aligned} @@ -80,9 +79,8 @@ $$\begin{aligned} = 0 \end{aligned}$$ -We know that $$\hat{G}{}_0^{-1} \Psi_0 = 0$$, -which we put on the right, -and then we apply $$\hat{G}_0$$ in front: +We know that $$\hat{G}{}_0^{-1} \Psi_0 = 0$$ from earlier, +which we put on the right, and then apply $$\hat{G}_0$$ to it: $$\begin{aligned} \hat{G}_0^{-1} \Psi - \hat{H}_1 \Psi @@ -110,7 +108,8 @@ $$\begin{aligned} \end{aligned}$$ The parenthesized expression clearly has the same recursive pattern, -so we denote it by $$\hat{G}$$ and write the so-called **Dyson equation**: +so we denote it by $$\hat{G}$$ (an operator, not the function $$G$$) +and write the so-called **Dyson equation**: $$\begin{aligned} \boxed{ @@ -133,8 +132,8 @@ $$\begin{aligned} This relation is equivalent to the Schrödinger equation. So now we have the operator $$\hat{G}(\vb{r}, t)$$, but what about the fundamental solution function $$G(\vb{r}, t; \vb{r}', t')$$? -Let us take its definition, multiply it by an arbitrary $$f(\vb{r}, t)$$, -and integrate over $$G$$'s second argument pair: +Let us take the latter's definition and multiply it by an arbitrary $$f(\vb{r}, t)$$, +and then integrate over $$G$$'s second argument pair: $$\begin{aligned} \iint \big( \hat{G}{}_0^{-1} \!-\! \hat{H}_1 \big) G(\vb{r}', t') \: f(\vb{r}', t') \dd{\vb{r}'} \dd{t'} @@ -143,8 +142,7 @@ $$\begin{aligned} \end{aligned}$$ Where we have hidden the arguments $$(\vb{r}, t)$$ for brevity. -We now apply $$\hat{G}_0(\vb{r}, t)$$ to this equation -(which contains an integral over $$t''$$ independent of $$t'$$): +We apply $$\hat{G}_0(\vb{r}, t)$$ to this equation: $$\begin{aligned} \hat{G}_0 f @@ -154,8 +152,10 @@ $$\begin{aligned} \end{aligned}$$ Here, the shape of Dyson's equation is clearly recognizable, -so we conclude that, as expected, the operator $$\hat{G}$$ -is defined as multiplication by the function $$G$$ followed by integration: +so we conclude that the operator $$\hat{G}$$ +is defined as multiplication by the function $$G$$ followed by integration, +exactly analogously to $$\hat{G}_0$$ and $$G_0$$, +which should not be a big surprise: $$\begin{aligned} \hat{G}(\vb{r}, t) \: f(\vb{r}, t) |
