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authorPrefetch2026-07-03 17:18:50 +0200
committerPrefetch2026-07-03 17:18:50 +0200
commit7cb1bd307e6d3f1279731bebadbc6f994ed1105a (patch)
treee9c9a3b2885c911bfeb101f74f93318264af328d /source/know/concept/fermi-dirac-distribution/index.md
parentb8f17e01d64b15935053c25e94d816ca01859152 (diff)
Improve knowledge baseHEADmaster
Diffstat (limited to 'source/know/concept/fermi-dirac-distribution/index.md')
-rw-r--r--source/know/concept/fermi-dirac-distribution/index.md38
1 files changed, 19 insertions, 19 deletions
diff --git a/source/know/concept/fermi-dirac-distribution/index.md b/source/know/concept/fermi-dirac-distribution/index.md
index 2a38eb3..7554e5a 100644
--- a/source/know/concept/fermi-dirac-distribution/index.md
+++ b/source/know/concept/fermi-dirac-distribution/index.md
@@ -13,18 +13,18 @@ layout: "concept"
which obey the [Pauli exclusion principle](/know/concept/pauli-exclusion-principle/),
distribute themselves across the available states in a system at equilibrium.
-Consider one single-particle state $$s$$,
+Consider one single-particle state $$\ket{i}$$,
which can contain $$0$$ or $$1$$ fermions.
-Because the occupation number $$N$$ is variable,
+Because the occupation number $$n_i$$ is variable,
we turn to the [grand canonical ensemble](/know/concept/grand-canonical-ensemble/),
whose grand partition function $$\mathcal{Z}$$ is as follows,
-where $$\varepsilon$$ is the energy of $$s$$
+where $$\varepsilon_i$$ is the energy of $$\ket{i}$$
and $$\mu$$ is the chemical potential:
$$\begin{aligned}
\mathcal{Z}
- = \sum_{N = 0}^1 \Big( e^{-\beta (\varepsilon - \mu)} \Big)^N
- = 1 + e^{-\beta (\varepsilon - \mu)}
+ = \sum_{m = 0}^1 \Big( e^{-\beta (\varepsilon_i - \mu)} \Big)^m
+ = 1 + e^{-\beta (\varepsilon_i - \mu)}
\end{aligned}$$
The corresponding [thermodynamic potential](/know/concept/thermodynamic-potential/)
@@ -33,43 +33,43 @@ is the Landau potential $$\Omega$$, given by:
$$\begin{aligned}
\Omega
= - k T \ln{\mathcal{Z}}
- = - k T \ln\!\Big( 1 + e^{-\beta (\varepsilon - \mu)} \Big)
+ = - k T \ln\!\Big( 1 + e^{-\beta (\varepsilon_i - \mu)} \Big)
\end{aligned}$$
-The average number of particles $$\expval{N}$$
-in $$s$$ is then found by taking a derivative of $$\Omega$$:
+The average number of particles $$\expval{n_i}$$
+in $$\ket{i}$$ is then found by taking a derivative of $$\Omega$$:
$$\begin{aligned}
- \expval{N}
+ \expval{n_i}
= - \pdv{\Omega}{\mu}
= k T \pdv{\ln{\mathcal{Z}}}{\mu}
- = \frac{e^{-\beta (\varepsilon - \mu)}}{1 + e^{-\beta (\varepsilon - \mu)}}
+ = \frac{e^{-\beta (\varepsilon_i - \mu)}}{1 + e^{-\beta (\varepsilon_i - \mu)}}
\end{aligned}$$
-By multiplying both the numerator and the denominator by $$e^{\beta (\varepsilon \!-\! \mu)}$$,
+By multiplying both the numerator and the denominator by $$e^{\beta (\varepsilon_i - \mu)}$$,
we arrive at the standard form of
the **Fermi-Dirac distribution** or **Fermi function** $$f_F$$:
$$\begin{aligned}
\boxed{
- \expval{N}
- = f_F(\varepsilon)
- = \frac{1}{e^{\beta (\varepsilon - \mu)} + 1}
+ \expval{n_i}
+ = f_F(\varepsilon_i)
+ = \frac{1}{e^{\beta (\varepsilon_i - \mu)} + 1}
}
\end{aligned}$$
-This gives the expected occupation number $$\expval{N}$$
-of state $$s$$ with energy $$\varepsilon$$,
+This gives the expected occupation number $$\expval{n_i}$$
+of state $$\ket{i}$$ with energy $$\varepsilon_i$$,
given a temperature $$T$$ and chemical potential $$\mu$$.
{% comment %}
-The corresponding variance $$\sigma^2 \equiv \expval{N^2} - \expval{N}^2$$ is found to be:
+The corresponding variance $$\sigma^2 \equiv \expval{n_i^2} - \expval{n_i}^2$$ is found to be:
$$\begin{aligned}
\boxed{
\sigma^2
- = k T \pdv{\expval{N}}{\mu}
- = \expval{N} \big(1 - \expval{N}\big)
+ = k T \pdv{\expval{n_i}}{\mu}
+ = \expval{n_i} \big(1 - \expval{n_i}\big)
}
\end{aligned}$$
{% endcomment %}