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authorPrefetch2026-07-03 17:18:50 +0200
committerPrefetch2026-07-03 17:18:50 +0200
commit7cb1bd307e6d3f1279731bebadbc6f994ed1105a (patch)
treee9c9a3b2885c911bfeb101f74f93318264af328d /source/know/concept/kubo-formula/index.md
parentb8f17e01d64b15935053c25e94d816ca01859152 (diff)
Improve knowledge baseHEADmaster
Diffstat (limited to 'source/know/concept/kubo-formula/index.md')
-rw-r--r--source/know/concept/kubo-formula/index.md23
1 files changed, 12 insertions, 11 deletions
diff --git a/source/know/concept/kubo-formula/index.md b/source/know/concept/kubo-formula/index.md
index 4cb39ac..41fda3c 100644
--- a/source/know/concept/kubo-formula/index.md
+++ b/source/know/concept/kubo-formula/index.md
@@ -27,14 +27,15 @@ respectively refer to the Schrödinger
and [interaction pictures](/know/concept/interaction-picture/):
$$\begin{aligned}
- \expval{\hat{A}}(t)
+ \expval{\hat{A}(t)}
= \matrixel{\psi_S(t)}{\hat{A}_S}{\psi_S(t)}
&= \matrixel{\psi_I(t)}{\hat{A}_I(t)}{\psi_I(t)}
\\
&= \matrixel{\psi_I(t_0)\,}{\,\hat{K}_I^\dagger(t, t_0) \hat{A}_I(t) \hat{K}_I(t, t_0)\,}{\,\psi_I(t_0)}
\end{aligned}$$
-Where the time evolution operator $$\hat{K}_I(t, t_0)$$ is as follows,
+Where the [time evolution operator](/know/concept/time-evolution-operator/)
+$$\hat{K}_I(t, t_0)$$ is as follows,
which we Taylor-expand:
$$\begin{aligned}
@@ -71,18 +72,18 @@ where $$\Expval{}$$ is the expectation value for $$\Ket{\psi(t)}$$,
and $$\Expval{}_0$$ is the expectation value for $$\Ket{\psi_I(t_0)}$$:
$$\begin{aligned}
- \expval{\hat{A}}(t)
+ \expval{\hat{A}(t)}
= \expval{\hat{K}_I^\dagger \hat{A}_I \hat{K}_I}_0
= \expval{\hat{A}_I(t)}_0 - \frac{i}{\hbar} \int_{t_0}^t \Expval{\Comm{\hat{A}_I(t)}{\hat{H}_{1,I}(t')}}_0 \dd{t'}
\end{aligned}$$
-Now we define $$\delta\!\expval{\hat{A}}\!(t)$$
+Now we define $$\delta\!\expval{\hat{A}(t)}$$
as the change of $$\expval{\hat{A}}$$ due to the perturbation $$\hat{H}_1$$,
-and insert $$\expval{\hat{A}}(t)$$:
+and insert $$\expval{\hat{A}(t)}$$:
$$\begin{aligned}
- \delta\!\expval{\hat{A}}\!(t)
- \equiv \expval{\hat{A}}(t) - \expval{\hat{A}_I}_0
+ \delta\!\expval{\hat{A}(t)}
+ \equiv \expval{\hat{A}(t)} - \expval{\hat{A}_I(t)}_0
= - \frac{i}{\hbar} \int_{t_0}^t \Expval{\Comm{\hat{A}_I(t)}{\hat{H}_{1,I}(t')}}_0 \dd{t'}
\end{aligned}$$
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ describing the response of $$\expval{\hat{A}}$$ to first order in $$\hat{H}_1$$:
$$\begin{aligned}
\boxed{
- \delta\!\expval{\hat{A}}\!(t)
+ \delta\!\expval{\hat{A}(t)}
= \int_{t_0}^\infty C^R_{A H_1}(t, t') \dd{t'}
}
\end{aligned}$$
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ With this, the Kubo formula can be written as follows,
where we have set $$t_0 = - \infty$$:
$$\begin{aligned}
- \delta\!\expval{A}\!(t)
+ \delta\!\expval{\hat{A}(t)}
= \int_{-\infty}^\infty C^R_{A B}(t - t') f(t') \dd{t'}
= (C^R_{A B} * f)(t)
\end{aligned}$$
@@ -150,12 +151,12 @@ $$\begin{aligned}
This is a convolution,
so the [convolution theorem](/know/concept/convolution-theorem/)
states that the [Fourier transform](/know/concept/fourier-transform/)
-of $$\delta\!\expval{\hat{A}}\!(t)$$ is simply the product
+of $$\delta\!\expval{\hat{A}(t)}$$ is simply the product
of the transforms of $$C^R_{AB}$$ and $$f$$:
$$\begin{aligned}
\boxed{
- \delta\!\expval{\hat{A}}\!(\omega)
+ \delta\!\expval{\hat{A}(\omega)}
= \tilde{C}{}^R_{A B}(\omega) \: \tilde{f}(\omega)
}
\end{aligned}$$