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authorPrefetch2026-09-14 18:11:38 +0200
committerPrefetch2026-09-14 18:11:38 +0200
commitcc391ce3b9867d88d124e147931d33be34e756fc (patch)
treed719cf6ad60f559fcc0c2042907a2c4d8cd62977 /source/know/concept/larmor-precession
parent5cacf4ffaf3a9621ab536195f6469f98a420f054 (diff)
Improve knowledge base
Diffstat (limited to 'source/know/concept/larmor-precession')
-rw-r--r--source/know/concept/larmor-precession/index.md26
1 files changed, 14 insertions, 12 deletions
diff --git a/source/know/concept/larmor-precession/index.md b/source/know/concept/larmor-precession/index.md
index 601dae7..e29432b 100644
--- a/source/know/concept/larmor-precession/index.md
+++ b/source/know/concept/larmor-precession/index.md
@@ -11,28 +11,29 @@ layout: "concept"
Consider a stationary spin-1/2 particle,
placed in a [magnetic field](/know/concept/magnetic-field/)
with magnitude $$B$$ pointing in the $$z$$-direction.
-In that case, its Hamiltonian $$\hat{H}$$ is given by:
+In that case, the Hamiltonian $$\hat{H}$$ is given by:
$$\begin{aligned}
\hat{H} = - \gamma B \hat{S}_z = - \frac{\hbar}{2} \gamma B \hat{\sigma_z}
\end{aligned}$$
-Where $$\gamma = - q / m$$ is the gyromagnetic ratio,
+Where $$\gamma = q g / (2 m)$$ is the so-called *gyromagnetic ratio*
+for a particle with charge $$q$$, mass $$m$$,
+and a system-dependent *$$g$$-factor* (for electrons $$g \approx 2$$),
and $$\hat{\sigma}_z$$ is the Pauli spin matrix for the $$z$$-direction.
-Since $$\hat{H}$$ is proportional to $$\hat{\sigma}_z$$,
-they share eigenstates $$\Ket{\downarrow}$$ and $$\Ket{\uparrow}$$.
-The respective eigenenergies $$E_{\downarrow}$$ and $$E_{\uparrow}$$ are as follows:
+Because $$\hat{H}$$ is proportional to $$\hat{\sigma}_z$$,
+they share eigenstates $$\Ket{\downarrow}$$ and $$\Ket{\uparrow}$$,
+so the respective eigenenergies $$E_{\downarrow}$$ and $$E_{\uparrow}$$ are as follows:
$$\begin{aligned}
E_{\downarrow} = \frac{\hbar}{2} \gamma B
- \qquad
+ \qquad \qquad
E_{\uparrow} = - \frac{\hbar}{2} \gamma B
\end{aligned}$$
Because $$\hat{H}$$ is time-independent,
the general time-dependent solution $$\Ket{\chi(t)}$$ is of the following form,
-where $$a$$ and $$b$$ are constants,
-and the exponentials are "twiddle factors":
+where $$a$$ and $$b$$ are constants:
$$\begin{aligned}
\Ket{\chi(t)}
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ $$\begin{aligned}
\\
&= \frac{\hbar}{2} \cos(\theta/2) \sin(\theta/2) \Big( e^{i \gamma B t} + e^{- i \gamma B t} \Big)
\\
- &= \frac{\hbar}{2} \cos(\gamma B t) \cdot 2 \cos(\theta/2) \sin(\theta/2)
+ &= \frac{\hbar}{2} \cos(\theta/2) \sin(\theta/2) \cdot 2 \cos(\gamma B t)
\\
&= \frac{\hbar}{2} \sin(\theta) \cos(\gamma B t)
\end{aligned}$$
@@ -82,12 +83,13 @@ with the following results:
$$\begin{aligned}
\matrixel{\chi}{\hat{S}_y}{\chi} = - \frac{\hbar}{2} \sin(\theta) \sin(\gamma B t)
- \qquad
+ \qquad \qquad
\matrixel{\chi}{\hat{S}_z}{\chi} = \frac{\hbar}{2} \cos(\theta)
\end{aligned}$$
-The result is that the spin axis is off by $$\theta$$ from the $$z$$-direction,
-and is rotating (or **precessing**) around the $$z$$-axis at the **Larmor frequency** $$\omega$$:
+The result is that, if the spin axis is off by $$\theta$$ from the $$z$$-direction,
+then it rotates (or **precesses**) around the $$z$$-axis
+at the **Larmor frequency** $$\omega$$:
$$\begin{aligned}
\boxed{