diff options
| author | Prefetch | 2022-10-20 18:25:31 +0200 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Prefetch | 2022-10-20 18:25:31 +0200 |
| commit | 16555851b6514a736c5c9d8e73de7da7fc9b6288 (patch) | |
| tree | 76b8bfd30f8941d0d85365990bcdbc5d0643cabc /source/know/concept/time-ordered-product | |
| parent | e5b9bce79b68a68ddd2e51daa16d2fea73b84fdb (diff) | |
Migrate from 'jekyll-katex' to 'kramdown-math-sskatex'
Diffstat (limited to 'source/know/concept/time-ordered-product')
| -rw-r--r-- | source/know/concept/time-ordered-product/index.md | 30 |
1 files changed, 15 insertions, 15 deletions
diff --git a/source/know/concept/time-ordered-product/index.md b/source/know/concept/time-ordered-product/index.md index eab92ff..e414ccf 100644 --- a/source/know/concept/time-ordered-product/index.md +++ b/source/know/concept/time-ordered-product/index.md @@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ explicitly time-dependent operators, subject to certain ordering constraints. Let us start with an unusual motivation. -Suppose that some time-dependent operator $\hat{A}(t)$ is defined like so, -as a product of $N$ time-dependent sub-operators $\hat{a}_n(t)$: +Suppose that some time-dependent operator $$\hat{A}(t)$$ is defined like so, +as a product of $$N$$ time-dependent sub-operators $$\hat{a}_n(t)$$: $$\begin{aligned} \hat{A}(t) @@ -27,17 +27,17 @@ Crucially, the upper limits of the inner integrals depend on the surrounding variables, meaning that these integrals cannot simply be reordered. -An interpretation is that the rightmost $\hat{a}_N(t_N)$ is applied first, -and then $\hat{a}_{N-1}(t_{N-1})$ secondly with $t_{N-1} > t_N$, +An interpretation is that the rightmost $$\hat{a}_N(t_N)$$ is applied first, +and then $$\hat{a}_{N-1}(t_{N-1})$$ secondly with $$t_{N-1} > t_N$$, and so on. This suggests there is a form of "time-ordering" here: -the integrals sweep across all relative timings of $\hat{a}_n$, +the integrals sweep across all relative timings of $$\hat{a}_n$$, but preserve the ordering. Indeed, this could be rewritten as a time-ordered product (see the [interaction picture](/know/concept/interaction-picture/) for an example). A more general and intuitive motivation goes as follows. -Suppose we have a product of $N$ time-dependent operators $\hat{a}_n(t)$, +Suppose we have a product of $$N$$ time-dependent operators $$\hat{a}_n(t)$$, each representing a certain event. Clearly, we would want to apply them in chronological order: @@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ $$\begin{aligned} t_N > t_{N-1} > ... > \: t_2 > t_1 \end{aligned}$$ -But what if the ordering of the arguments $t_N, ..., t_1$ +But what if the ordering of the arguments $$t_N, ..., t_1$$ is not known in advance? -We thus define the **time-ordering meta-operator** $\mathcal{T}$, -which reorders the operators based on the $t$-values +We thus define the **time-ordering meta-operator** $$\mathcal{T}$$, +which reorders the operators based on the $$t$$-values such that they are always in chronological order. For example: @@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ $$\begin{aligned} \end{cases} \end{aligned}$$ -This example suggests a general algorithm for $\mathcal{T}$: -we need to consider every permutation of the operators $\hat{a}_n(t_n)$, +This example suggests a general algorithm for $$\mathcal{T}$$: +we need to consider every permutation of the operators $$\hat{a}_n(t_n)$$, and leave only the single one that satisfies our demands. Mathematically, we do this by summing up all permutations, and multiplying each term with a product of -[Heaviside step functions](/know/concept/heaviside-step-function/) $\Theta$, +[Heaviside step functions](/know/concept/heaviside-step-function/) $$\Theta$$, which remove the term if the ordering is wrong: $$\begin{aligned} @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ $$\begin{aligned} \: \hat{a}_{p_1}(t_{p_1}) \: \cdots \: \hat{a}_{p_N}(t_{p_N}) \end{aligned}$$ -With this, our earlier example for two operators $\hat{a}_1$ and $\hat{a}_2$ +With this, our earlier example for two operators $$\hat{a}_1$$ and $$\hat{a}_2$$ takes the following form: $$\begin{aligned} @@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ $$\begin{aligned} = \Theta(t_1 - t_2) \: \hat{a}_1(t_1) \: \hat{a}_2(t_2) \pm \Theta(t_2 - t_1) \: \hat{a}_2(t_2) \: \hat{a}_1(t_1) \end{aligned}$$ -Where $\pm$ is $+$ for bosons, and $-$ for fermions in this case. -The general definition of $\mathcal{T}$ is: +Where $$\pm$$ is $$+$$ for bosons, and $$-$$ for fermions in this case. +The general definition of $$\mathcal{T}$$ is: $$\begin{aligned} \boxed{ |
