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-rw-r--r--source/know/concept/equation-of-motion-theory/index.md55
1 files changed, 28 insertions, 27 deletions
diff --git a/source/know/concept/equation-of-motion-theory/index.md b/source/know/concept/equation-of-motion-theory/index.md
index f62fb56..02ed856 100644
--- a/source/know/concept/equation-of-motion-theory/index.md
+++ b/source/know/concept/equation-of-motion-theory/index.md
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ is a method to calculate the time evolution of a system's properties
using [Green's functions](/know/concept/greens-functions/).
Starting from the definition of
-the retarded single-particle Green's function $G_{\nu \nu'}^R(t, t')$,
-we simply take the $t$-derivative
-(we could do the same with the advanced function $G_{\nu \nu'}^A$):
+the retarded single-particle Green's function $$G_{\nu \nu'}^R(t, t')$$,
+we simply take the $$t$$-derivative
+(we could do the same with the advanced function $$G_{\nu \nu'}^A$$):
$$\begin{aligned}
i \hbar \pdv{G^R_{\nu \nu'}(t, t')}{t}
@@ -27,22 +27,22 @@ $$\begin{aligned}
\end{aligned}$$
Where we have used that the derivative
-of a [Heaviside step function](/know/concept/heaviside-step-function/) $\Theta$
-is a [Dirac delta function](/know/concept/dirac-delta-function/) $\delta$.
+of a [Heaviside step function](/know/concept/heaviside-step-function/) $$\Theta$$
+is a [Dirac delta function](/know/concept/dirac-delta-function/) $$\delta$$.
Also, from the [second quantization](/know/concept/second-quantization/),
-$\expval{\comm{\hat{c}_\nu(t)}{\hat{c}_{\nu'}^\dagger(t')}_{\mp}}$
-for $t = t'$ is zero when $\nu \neq \nu'$.
+$$\expval{\comm{\hat{c}_\nu(t)}{\hat{c}_{\nu'}^\dagger(t')}_{\mp}}$$
+for $$t = t'$$ is zero when $$\nu \neq \nu'$$.
Since we are in the [Heisenberg picture](/know/concept/heisenberg-picture/),
-we know the equation of motion of $\hat{c}_\nu(t)$:
+we know the equation of motion of $$\hat{c}_\nu(t)$$:
$$\begin{aligned}
\dv{\hat{c}_\nu(t)}{t}
= \frac{i}{\hbar} \comm{\hat{H}_0(t)}{\hat{c}_\nu(t)} + \frac{i}{\hbar} \comm{\hat{H}_\mathrm{int}(t)}{\hat{c}_\nu(t)}
\end{aligned}$$
-Where the single-particle part of the Hamiltonian $\hat{H}_0$
-and the interaction part $\hat{H}_\mathrm{int}$
+Where the single-particle part of the Hamiltonian $$\hat{H}_0$$
+and the interaction part $$\hat{H}_\mathrm{int}$$
are assumed to be time-independent in the Schrödinger picture.
We thus get:
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ $$\begin{aligned}
\Expval{\Comm{\comm{\hat{H}_0}{\hat{c}_\nu} + \comm{\hat{H}_\mathrm{int}}{\hat{c}_\nu}}{\hat{c}_{\nu'}^\dagger}_{\mp}}
\end{aligned}$$
-The most general form of $\hat{H}_0$, for any basis,
-is as follows, where $u_{\nu' \nu''}$ are constants:
+The most general form of $$\hat{H}_0$$, for any basis,
+is as follows, where $$u_{\nu' \nu''}$$ are constants:
$$\begin{aligned}
\hat{H}_0
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ $$\begin{aligned}
<label for="proof-commH0">Proof</label>
<div class="hidden" markdown="1">
<label for="proof-commH0">Proof.</label>
-Using the commutator identity for $\comm{A B}{C}$,
+Using the commutator identity for $$\comm{A B}{C}$$,
we decompose it like so:
$$\begin{aligned}
@@ -105,11 +105,12 @@ $$\begin{aligned}
- 2 \acomm{\hat{f}_{\!\nu'}^\dagger}{\hat{f}_{\!\nu}} \hat{f}_{\!\nu''} \Big)
= - \sum_{\nu''} u_{\nu \nu''} \hat{f}_{\!\nu''}
\end{aligned}$$
+
</div>
</div>
-Substituting this into $G_{\nu \nu'}^R$'s equation of motion,
-we recognize another Green's function $G_{\nu'' \nu'}^R$:
+Substituting this into $$G_{\nu \nu'}^R$$'s equation of motion,
+we recognize another Green's function $$G_{\nu'' \nu'}^R$$:
$$\begin{aligned}
i \hbar \pdv{G^R_{\nu \nu'}}{t}
@@ -132,9 +133,9 @@ $$\begin{aligned}
}
\end{aligned}$$
-Where $D_{\nu \nu'}^R$ represents a correction due to interactions $\hat{H}_\mathrm{int}$,
+Where $$D_{\nu \nu'}^R$$ represents a correction due to interactions $$\hat{H}_\mathrm{int}$$,
and also has the form of a retarded Green's function,
-but with $\hat{c}_{\nu}$ replaced by $\comm{-\hat{H}_\mathrm{int}}{\hat{c}_\nu}$:
+but with $$\hat{c}_{\nu}$$ replaced by $$\comm{-\hat{H}_\mathrm{int}}{\hat{c}_\nu}$$:
$$\begin{aligned}
\boxed{
@@ -143,19 +144,19 @@ $$\begin{aligned}
}
\end{aligned}$$
-Unfortunately, calculating $D_{\nu \nu'}^R$
-might still not be doable due to $\hat{H}_\mathrm{int}$.
-The key idea of equation-of-motion theory is to either approximate $D_{\nu \nu'}^R$ now,
-or to differentiate it again $i \hbar \idv{D_{\nu \nu'}^R}{t}$,
+Unfortunately, calculating $$D_{\nu \nu'}^R$$
+might still not be doable due to $$\hat{H}_\mathrm{int}$$.
+The key idea of equation-of-motion theory is to either approximate $$D_{\nu \nu'}^R$$ now,
+or to differentiate it again $$i \hbar \idv{D_{\nu \nu'}^R}{t}$$,
and try again for the resulting corrections,
until a solvable equation is found.
There is no guarantee that that will ever happen;
if not, one of the corrections needs to be approximated.
-For non-interacting particles $\hat{H}_\mathrm{int} = 0$,
-so clearly $D_{\nu \nu'}^R$ trivially vanishes then.
-Let us assume that $\hat{H}_0$ is also time-independent,
-such that $G_{\nu'' \nu'}^R$ only depends on the difference $t - t'$:
+For non-interacting particles $$\hat{H}_\mathrm{int} = 0$$,
+so clearly $$D_{\nu \nu'}^R$$ trivially vanishes then.
+Let us assume that $$\hat{H}_0$$ is also time-independent,
+such that $$G_{\nu'' \nu'}^R$$ only depends on the difference $$t - t'$$:
$$\begin{aligned}
\sum_{\nu''} \Big( i \hbar \delta_{\nu \nu''} \pdv{}{t} - u_{\nu \nu''} \Big) G^R_{\nu'' \nu'}(t - t')
@@ -163,14 +164,14 @@ $$\begin{aligned}
\end{aligned}$$
We take the [Fourier transform](/know/concept/fourier-transform/)
-$(t \!-\! t') \to (\omega + i \eta)$, where $\eta \to 0^+$ ensures convergence:
+$$(t \!-\! t') \to (\omega + i \eta)$$, where $$\eta \to 0^+$$ ensures convergence:
$$\begin{aligned}
\sum_{\nu''} \Big( \hbar \delta_{\nu \nu''} (\omega + i \eta) - u_{\nu \nu''} \Big) G^R_{\nu'' \nu'}(\omega)
= \delta_{\nu \nu'}
\end{aligned}$$
-If we assume a diagonal basis $u_{\nu \nu''} = \varepsilon_\nu \delta_{\nu \nu''}$,
+If we assume a diagonal basis $$u_{\nu \nu''} = \varepsilon_\nu \delta_{\nu \nu''}$$,
this reduces to the following:
$$\begin{aligned}