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Diffstat (limited to 'source/know/concept/fermi-dirac-distribution/index.md')
| -rw-r--r-- | source/know/concept/fermi-dirac-distribution/index.md | 38 |
1 files changed, 19 insertions, 19 deletions
diff --git a/source/know/concept/fermi-dirac-distribution/index.md b/source/know/concept/fermi-dirac-distribution/index.md index 2a38eb3..7554e5a 100644 --- a/source/know/concept/fermi-dirac-distribution/index.md +++ b/source/know/concept/fermi-dirac-distribution/index.md @@ -13,18 +13,18 @@ layout: "concept" which obey the [Pauli exclusion principle](/know/concept/pauli-exclusion-principle/), distribute themselves across the available states in a system at equilibrium. -Consider one single-particle state $$s$$, +Consider one single-particle state $$\ket{i}$$, which can contain $$0$$ or $$1$$ fermions. -Because the occupation number $$N$$ is variable, +Because the occupation number $$n_i$$ is variable, we turn to the [grand canonical ensemble](/know/concept/grand-canonical-ensemble/), whose grand partition function $$\mathcal{Z}$$ is as follows, -where $$\varepsilon$$ is the energy of $$s$$ +where $$\varepsilon_i$$ is the energy of $$\ket{i}$$ and $$\mu$$ is the chemical potential: $$\begin{aligned} \mathcal{Z} - = \sum_{N = 0}^1 \Big( e^{-\beta (\varepsilon - \mu)} \Big)^N - = 1 + e^{-\beta (\varepsilon - \mu)} + = \sum_{m = 0}^1 \Big( e^{-\beta (\varepsilon_i - \mu)} \Big)^m + = 1 + e^{-\beta (\varepsilon_i - \mu)} \end{aligned}$$ The corresponding [thermodynamic potential](/know/concept/thermodynamic-potential/) @@ -33,43 +33,43 @@ is the Landau potential $$\Omega$$, given by: $$\begin{aligned} \Omega = - k T \ln{\mathcal{Z}} - = - k T \ln\!\Big( 1 + e^{-\beta (\varepsilon - \mu)} \Big) + = - k T \ln\!\Big( 1 + e^{-\beta (\varepsilon_i - \mu)} \Big) \end{aligned}$$ -The average number of particles $$\expval{N}$$ -in $$s$$ is then found by taking a derivative of $$\Omega$$: +The average number of particles $$\expval{n_i}$$ +in $$\ket{i}$$ is then found by taking a derivative of $$\Omega$$: $$\begin{aligned} - \expval{N} + \expval{n_i} = - \pdv{\Omega}{\mu} = k T \pdv{\ln{\mathcal{Z}}}{\mu} - = \frac{e^{-\beta (\varepsilon - \mu)}}{1 + e^{-\beta (\varepsilon - \mu)}} + = \frac{e^{-\beta (\varepsilon_i - \mu)}}{1 + e^{-\beta (\varepsilon_i - \mu)}} \end{aligned}$$ -By multiplying both the numerator and the denominator by $$e^{\beta (\varepsilon \!-\! \mu)}$$, +By multiplying both the numerator and the denominator by $$e^{\beta (\varepsilon_i - \mu)}$$, we arrive at the standard form of the **Fermi-Dirac distribution** or **Fermi function** $$f_F$$: $$\begin{aligned} \boxed{ - \expval{N} - = f_F(\varepsilon) - = \frac{1}{e^{\beta (\varepsilon - \mu)} + 1} + \expval{n_i} + = f_F(\varepsilon_i) + = \frac{1}{e^{\beta (\varepsilon_i - \mu)} + 1} } \end{aligned}$$ -This gives the expected occupation number $$\expval{N}$$ -of state $$s$$ with energy $$\varepsilon$$, +This gives the expected occupation number $$\expval{n_i}$$ +of state $$\ket{i}$$ with energy $$\varepsilon_i$$, given a temperature $$T$$ and chemical potential $$\mu$$. {% comment %} -The corresponding variance $$\sigma^2 \equiv \expval{N^2} - \expval{N}^2$$ is found to be: +The corresponding variance $$\sigma^2 \equiv \expval{n_i^2} - \expval{n_i}^2$$ is found to be: $$\begin{aligned} \boxed{ \sigma^2 - = k T \pdv{\expval{N}}{\mu} - = \expval{N} \big(1 - \expval{N}\big) + = k T \pdv{\expval{n_i}}{\mu} + = \expval{n_i} \big(1 - \expval{n_i}\big) } \end{aligned}$$ {% endcomment %} |
